Ode to joy
Wild and fearful in his cavern
Hid the naked troglodyte,
And the homeless nomad wandered
Laying waste the fertile plain.
Menacing with spear and arrow
In the woods the hunter strayed ...
Woe to all poor wreteches stranded
On those cruel and hostile shores!
From the peak of high Olympus
Came the mother Ceres down,
Seeeking in those savage regions
Her lost daughter Prosperine.
But the Goddess found no refuge,
Found no kindly welcome there,
And no temple bearing witness
To the worship of the gods.
From the fields and from the vineyards
Came no fruit to deck the feasts,
Only flesh of blood-stained victims
Smouldered on the alter-fires,
And where'er the grieving goddess
Turns her melancholy gaze,
Sunk in vilest degradation
Man his loathsomeness displays.
Would he purge his soul from vileness
And attain to light and worth,
He must turn and cling forever
To his ancient Mother Earth.
Joy everlasting fostereth
The soul of all creation,
It is her secret ferment fires
The cup of life with flame.
'Tis at her beck the grass hath turned
Each blade toward the light
and solar systems have evolved
From chaos and dark night,
Filling the realms of boundless space
Beyond the sage's sight.
At bounteous nature's kindly breast,
All things that breath drink Joy,
And bird and beasts and creaping things
All follow where she leads.
Her gifts to man are friends in need,
The wreath, the foaming must,
To angels -- visions of God's throne,
To insects -- sensual lust.
by :
Rabu, 26 Oktober 2011
Free English Tutorial for Grammar
Using correct grammar is something every person should strive towards. However, even the most accomplished writer or orator will have an occasional grammatical slip.
Free English Grammar Tutorials
Anyone can use an English grammar tutorial to brush up on their skills. Find the perfect one for your needs from this list:
English Grammar 101: Free for individual and home school study, this site provides a comprehensive study of grammar. Six modules (Word and Phrase Patterns, Clause Patterns, Verb Tense and Verbal Patterns, Verb Forms and Sentence Patterns, Punctuation and Capitalization, and Troublesome Words) all have over 30 lessons for study within them. Each unit begins and ends with a test. Lessons start with a short prompt and example of the topic being covered. Practice work then follows, with the option to score each question as you work.
Guide to Grammar and Writing sponsored by Capital Community College Foundation: Find writing topics regarding grammar grouped by level. Choose the issue that you need to work on from the pull-down menus. Each topic is explored and examples of it in practice are given. Most lessons have quizzes and practice sheets available.
Englishpage.com Englishpage.com's English Tutorials: Find interactive tutorials on vocabulary, verb tenses, conditionals, modals, and prepositions. Mini-tutorials are also available that cover specific topics, like subjunctive and so/such. Each concept is explained, and then students can fill in online worksheets for scoring.
Edufind.com's Online English Grammar: Search the contents to find the grammar topic for which you need help. From adverbs to determiners to the infinitive, a number of topics are explored. Practice sheets and quizzes are not found within these pages, but you can get to English tests by clicking on "Tests & Quizzes" in the menu across the top of the screen.
Daily Grammar: The website contains over 400 lessons and over 80 quizzes covering the eight parts of speech, the parts of the sentence and the mechanics of grammar. The lessons are short and to the point, with practice questions and answers immediately following the grammar information. Use the glossary to find out what various grammatical terms mean. Links to all the lessons and quizzes are included in the archives.
Keep Your Grammar Skills Fresh
Proper grammar is taught when learning English as a second language (ESL), in elementary schools, and even refreshed in collegiate courses. Numerous books and papers have been written on the topic, but grammar experts can even disagree on what is technically correct. Therefore, keeping your grammar skills fresh is an ongoing learning process. Use a free English tutorial to stay proficient in grammar rules and application.
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English Grammar for Free - Subscribe to our daily newsletter and get grammar tips on email english-grammar-rules.com
Learn English - Study English as a Second Language English in New York @ Times Square www.sai2000.org
Instant Grammar Checker - Correct All Grammar Errors And Enhance Your Writing. Try Now! www.Grammarly.com
Free online tutorials can come in several different forms. Not only can you find some online grammar tutorial courses, but you may also find helpful:
Worksheets
Quizzes
Tips on rules
Fact sheets
Grammar games
Choose the appropriate method of learning for your ability level and for the amount of time you have available.
Grammar Resources
To learn more about English grammar, check out the Grammars and Language Courses information here at YourDictionary. From learning English from the BBC to reading about using contractions properly, YourDictionary has grammar resources that will make grammar easier for anyone brushing up on the basics of the English language.
Grammar dictionary links can be found under the Industry Specific Dictionaries section of YourDictionary. Strunk's Elements of Style, Carnegie Mellon Writer's Style Guide, and Writing on the Internet are all topics that are covered in these special dictionaries.
Free English Grammar Tutorials
Anyone can use an English grammar tutorial to brush up on their skills. Find the perfect one for your needs from this list:
English Grammar 101: Free for individual and home school study, this site provides a comprehensive study of grammar. Six modules (Word and Phrase Patterns, Clause Patterns, Verb Tense and Verbal Patterns, Verb Forms and Sentence Patterns, Punctuation and Capitalization, and Troublesome Words) all have over 30 lessons for study within them. Each unit begins and ends with a test. Lessons start with a short prompt and example of the topic being covered. Practice work then follows, with the option to score each question as you work.
Guide to Grammar and Writing sponsored by Capital Community College Foundation: Find writing topics regarding grammar grouped by level. Choose the issue that you need to work on from the pull-down menus. Each topic is explored and examples of it in practice are given. Most lessons have quizzes and practice sheets available.
Englishpage.com Englishpage.com's English Tutorials: Find interactive tutorials on vocabulary, verb tenses, conditionals, modals, and prepositions. Mini-tutorials are also available that cover specific topics, like subjunctive and so/such. Each concept is explained, and then students can fill in online worksheets for scoring.
Edufind.com's Online English Grammar: Search the contents to find the grammar topic for which you need help. From adverbs to determiners to the infinitive, a number of topics are explored. Practice sheets and quizzes are not found within these pages, but you can get to English tests by clicking on "Tests & Quizzes" in the menu across the top of the screen.
Daily Grammar: The website contains over 400 lessons and over 80 quizzes covering the eight parts of speech, the parts of the sentence and the mechanics of grammar. The lessons are short and to the point, with practice questions and answers immediately following the grammar information. Use the glossary to find out what various grammatical terms mean. Links to all the lessons and quizzes are included in the archives.
Keep Your Grammar Skills Fresh
Proper grammar is taught when learning English as a second language (ESL), in elementary schools, and even refreshed in collegiate courses. Numerous books and papers have been written on the topic, but grammar experts can even disagree on what is technically correct. Therefore, keeping your grammar skills fresh is an ongoing learning process. Use a free English tutorial to stay proficient in grammar rules and application.
Ads by Google
English Grammar for Free - Subscribe to our daily newsletter and get grammar tips on email english-grammar-rules.com
Learn English - Study English as a Second Language English in New York @ Times Square www.sai2000.org
Instant Grammar Checker - Correct All Grammar Errors And Enhance Your Writing. Try Now! www.Grammarly.com
Free online tutorials can come in several different forms. Not only can you find some online grammar tutorial courses, but you may also find helpful:
Worksheets
Quizzes
Tips on rules
Fact sheets
Grammar games
Choose the appropriate method of learning for your ability level and for the amount of time you have available.
Grammar Resources
To learn more about English grammar, check out the Grammars and Language Courses information here at YourDictionary. From learning English from the BBC to reading about using contractions properly, YourDictionary has grammar resources that will make grammar easier for anyone brushing up on the basics of the English language.
Grammar dictionary links can be found under the Industry Specific Dictionaries section of YourDictionary. Strunk's Elements of Style, Carnegie Mellon Writer's Style Guide, and Writing on the Internet are all topics that are covered in these special dictionaries.
Selasa, 25 Oktober 2011
Pengertian ERD (Entities Relationship Diagram)
Entities Relationship Diagram (ERD) adalah menyediakan cara untuk mendeskripsikan perancangan basis data pada peringkat logika.
Pengertian ERD
ERD merupakan suatu model untuk menjelaskan hubungan antar data dalam basis data berdasarkan objek-objek dasar data yang mempunyai hubungan antar relasi.ERD untuk memodelkan struktur data dan hubungan antar data, untuk menggambarkannya digunakan beberapa notasi dan simbol. Pada dasarnya ada tiga simbol yang digunakan, yaitu :
1. Entities
Entiti merupakan objek yang mewakili sesuatu yang nyata dan dapat dibedakan dari sesuatu yang lain. Simbol dari entiti ini biasanya digambarkan dengan persegi panjang.
2. Atribut
Setiap entitas pasti mempunyai elemen yang disebut atribut yang berfungsi untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik dari entitas tersebut. Isi dari atribut mempunyai sesuatu yang dapat mengidentifikasikan isi elemen satu dengan yang lain. Gambar atribut diwakili oleh simbol elips.
3. Hubungan / Relasi
Hubungan antara sejumlah entitas yang berasal dari himpunan entitas yang berbeda. Relasi dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut :
Relasi yang terjadi diantara dua himpunan entitas (misalnya A dan B) dalam satu basis data yaitu:
1). Satu ke satu (One to one)
Hubungan relasi satu ke satu yaitu setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas A berhubungan paling banyak dengan satu entitas pada himpunan entitas B.
2). Satu ke banyak (One to many)
Setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada himpunan entitas B, tetapi setiap entitas pada entitas B dapat berhubungan dengan satu entitas pada himpunan entitas A.
3). Banyak ke banyak (Many to many)
Setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada himpunan entitas B.
contoh ERD
KAMUS DATA
Kamus data berfungsi membantu pelaku sistem untuk mengartikan aplikasi secara detail dan mengorganisasi semua elemen data yang digunakan secara detail dan mengorganisasi semua elemen data yang digunakan dalam sistem secara persis sehingga pemakai dan penganalisis sistem mempunyai dasar pengertian yang sama tentang masukan, keluaran, penyimpanan dan proses.
Kamus data sering disebut juga dengan sistem data dictionary adalah katalog fakta tentang data dan kebutuhan-kebutuhan informasi dari suatu sistem informasi. Dengan menggunakan kamus data, analisis sistem adapat mendefinisikan data yang mengalir di sistem dengan lengkap. Pada tahap analisis, kamus data digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi antara analisis sistem dengan pemakai sistem tentang data yang mengalir dari sistem, yaitu tentang data yang masuk ke sistem dan tentang informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pemakai sistem.
Pada tahap perancangan sistem, kamus data digunakan untuk merancang input, merancang laporan-laporan dan database.
Contoh Kamus Data:
Pengertian ERD
ERD merupakan suatu model untuk menjelaskan hubungan antar data dalam basis data berdasarkan objek-objek dasar data yang mempunyai hubungan antar relasi.ERD untuk memodelkan struktur data dan hubungan antar data, untuk menggambarkannya digunakan beberapa notasi dan simbol. Pada dasarnya ada tiga simbol yang digunakan, yaitu :
1. Entities
Entiti merupakan objek yang mewakili sesuatu yang nyata dan dapat dibedakan dari sesuatu yang lain. Simbol dari entiti ini biasanya digambarkan dengan persegi panjang.
2. Atribut
Setiap entitas pasti mempunyai elemen yang disebut atribut yang berfungsi untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik dari entitas tersebut. Isi dari atribut mempunyai sesuatu yang dapat mengidentifikasikan isi elemen satu dengan yang lain. Gambar atribut diwakili oleh simbol elips.
3. Hubungan / Relasi
Hubungan antara sejumlah entitas yang berasal dari himpunan entitas yang berbeda. Relasi dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut :
Relasi yang terjadi diantara dua himpunan entitas (misalnya A dan B) dalam satu basis data yaitu:
1). Satu ke satu (One to one)
Hubungan relasi satu ke satu yaitu setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas A berhubungan paling banyak dengan satu entitas pada himpunan entitas B.
2). Satu ke banyak (One to many)
Setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada himpunan entitas B, tetapi setiap entitas pada entitas B dapat berhubungan dengan satu entitas pada himpunan entitas A.
3). Banyak ke banyak (Many to many)
Setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada himpunan entitas B.
contoh ERD
KAMUS DATA
Kamus data berfungsi membantu pelaku sistem untuk mengartikan aplikasi secara detail dan mengorganisasi semua elemen data yang digunakan secara detail dan mengorganisasi semua elemen data yang digunakan dalam sistem secara persis sehingga pemakai dan penganalisis sistem mempunyai dasar pengertian yang sama tentang masukan, keluaran, penyimpanan dan proses.
Kamus data sering disebut juga dengan sistem data dictionary adalah katalog fakta tentang data dan kebutuhan-kebutuhan informasi dari suatu sistem informasi. Dengan menggunakan kamus data, analisis sistem adapat mendefinisikan data yang mengalir di sistem dengan lengkap. Pada tahap analisis, kamus data digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi antara analisis sistem dengan pemakai sistem tentang data yang mengalir dari sistem, yaitu tentang data yang masuk ke sistem dan tentang informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pemakai sistem.
Pada tahap perancangan sistem, kamus data digunakan untuk merancang input, merancang laporan-laporan dan database.
Contoh Kamus Data:
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